1、 Division correlation
stay python3 Before ,
print 13/4 #result=3
But after that , But it changed !
print(13 / 4) #result=3.25
"/” After symbol operation, it is the normal result of operation , that , What if we want to take only the integral part ? Originally in python3 after ,“//” It has this function :
print(13 // 4) #result=3.25
Isn't it strange ? Let's look at another set of results :
print(4 / 13) # result=0.3076923076923077
print(4.0 / 13) # result=0.3076923076923077
print(4 // 13) # result=0
print(4.0 // 13) # result=0.0
print(13 / 4) # result=3.25
print(13.0 / 4) # result=3.25
print(13 // 4) # result=3
print(13.0 // 4) # result=3.0
2、Sort() and Sorted() Function cmp The parameters have changed ( important )
stay python3 Before :
def reverse_numeric(x, y):
return y - x
print sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], cmp=reverse_numeric)
The output is zero :[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
But in python3 in , If you continue to use the code above , The following error will be reported :
TypeError: 'cmp' is an invalid keyword argument for this function
Why ? According to the report , It means in this function cmp Not a valid parameter ? Why? ? Look up the document and find out , stay python3 in , Need to put cmp Turn into a key Can only be :
def cmp_to_key(mycmp):
'Convert a cmp= function into a key= function'
class K:
def __init__(self, obj, *args):
self.obj = obj
def __lt__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) < 0
def __gt__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) > 0
def __eq__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0
def __le__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) <= 0
def __ge__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) >= 0
def __ne__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0
return K
So , We need to change the code to :
from functools import cmp_to_key
def comp_two(x, y):
return y - x
numList = [5, 2, 4, 1, 3]
numList.sort(key=cmp_to_key(comp_two))
print(numList)
So that we can output the result !
For details, please refer to the link :Sorting HOW TO
3、map() The return value of the function has changed
Python 2.x return list ,Python 3.x return iterator . To return to the list , Type conversion required !
def square(x):
return x ** 2
map_result = map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4])
print(map_result) # <map object at 0x000001E553CDC1D0>
print(list(map_result)) # [1, 4, 9, 16]
# Use lambda Anonymous functions
print(map(lambda x: x ** 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])) # <map object at 0x000001E553CDC1D0>