One 、 Preface

Sometimes it turns code into a program with an interface , Will be extremely convenient to use , Although there are a lot of ready-made GUI System , however Apply someone else's code , It's hard to avoid embarrassment , So this article will use Python Combination of reptiles wxpython Modules construct a NBA Crawler Software , The demonstration effect is as follows

The framework of this paper will be divided into two parts ：

1. structure GUI Interface
2. For example, apply the crawler framework

It mainly involves Python Module has

• requests
• wx
• pymysql
• pandas

Two 、GUI Interface design

First of all, introduce the process ：GUI Interface design explanation

Insert interface background image

Design GUI The code idea of the interface is actually very simple , First, import. wx library

# One 、 Refer to the module
import wx

The module referenced here is wxpython modular , establish GUI There are many modules of , Common are PyQt、Tkinter etc. . Each of these modules has its own advantages and disadvantages , Readers can refer to the relevant materials to choose from .

# Two 、 Define global variables ( Create panels and layouts )
class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, 'titlename',size=(400, 300))
panel = wx.Panel(self)
self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label='name1')
self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickSubmit)
self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label='name2')
self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickCancel)
self.InitUI()

Define global variables for Elementary GUI To build a formal window + Button layout , You don't need to build a module . But for advanced GUI In terms of investment systems, such as , Global variables are particularly important , In other words, global variables need to be placed in a py Initialization in file .

The above code is the code to create the part , Personalized layout needs to be set by adding containers , It will be presented later in the total code .

# 3、 ... and 、 Call local variables and bind Events
def InitUI(self):
""" Click on InitUI, Execution method """
def OnclickSubmit(self,event):
""" binding OnclickSubmit event """

Simply put, it's binding events , This event is the effect of clicking the corresponding button . This is the whole GUI At the heart of , If you're doing a check-in system , Then you have to bind an imported employee list txt File Events .

# Four 、GUI Execute the script
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App() # initialization
frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1)
frame.Show()
app.MainLoop() # Call the main loop
del app

This is the basic routine of step four .

3、 ... and 、 Example implementation

With a simple NBA The crawler system, for example , First create panels and layouts ?

class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, id):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, 'NBA visualization ',size=(400, 300))
panel = wx.Panel(self)
self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label=' Contract information ')
self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickSubmit)
self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label=' Empty ')
self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.OnclickCancel)
self.bt_imf = wx.Button(panel, label=' visualization ')
self.bt_imf.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickvisual)
self.bt_team = wx.Button(panel, label=' Team information ',pos=(280,20))
self.bt_team.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickteam)
self.bt_obtain = wx.Button(panel, label=' Player information ',pos=(20,20))
self.bt_obtain.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickimfor)
self.bt_ml = wx.Button(panel, label=' Scoreboard ')
self.bt_ml.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON,self.Onclickmql)
self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label="NBA visualization ")
self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel, label=" Team name ")
self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
self.label_pwd = wx.StaticText(panel, label=" Player name ")
self.text_pwd = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
self.label_path = wx.StaticText(panel, label=" Storage path ")
self.text_pathword = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)

Then add the container , To arrange horizontally

 hsizer_user = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
hsizer_user.Add(self.label_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_pwd = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
hsizer_pwd.Add(self.label_pwd, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_pwd.Add(self.text_pwd, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_path = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
hsizer_path.Add(self.label_path, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_path.Add(self.text_pathword, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
hsizer_button = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5)
hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5)
hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_imf, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5)
hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_ml, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=5)

Then add the container , Arrange vertically

 vsizer_all = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion=0, flag=wx.BOTTOM | wx.TOP | wx.ALIGN_CENTER,
border=15)
vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_pwd, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_path, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_button, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP, border=15)
panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)
self.InitUI()

The next step is event binding

 def InitUI(self):
""" Click the instructions button , Execution method """
def OnQuit1(self,e):
""" Input notes """
def OnclickSubmit(self,event):
""" Click on the contract information button , Execution method """
def Onclickvisual(self,event):
""" Click the visualization button , Execution method """
def OnclickCancel(self,event):
""" Click the clear button , Execution method """
def Onclickimfor(self,event):
""" Click the player name button , Execution method """
def Onclickteam(self,event):
""" Click the team name button , Execution method """
def Onclickmql(self,event):
""" Click on the scoreboard button , Execution method """

The event handling here is not very difficult , Readers can try to innovate on their own , Finally, execute the script

if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App() # initialization
frame = MyFrame(parent=None,id=-1) # example MyFrame class , And pass the parameters
frame.Show() # Display window
app.MainLoop() # Call the main loop method

The effect is as shown in the picture ?

Add ： Insert background image

Want to build a personalized system , The most important thing you want is that you can't change the background . Here I choose to use a picture of old ke .

I believe that some readers will feel an independent stand-alone GUI Software will be more suitable for itself , I'm just like that , therefore , In setting the background image after GUI Packaging required , So you need to specify the binary image base64 turn , After the conversion, it will be stored in py The document is followed by import Packaging for media . The binary code conversion is as follows ：

import base64
with open("name.jpg","rb") as f:
base64_str = base64.b64encode(f.read())
with open('%s.py' % picture_name.replace('.', '_'), 'w+') as f1:
f1.write(base64_str)
f1.close()

At this point, you can get base64 Coded py file , And then reference it in the code . Because packaging can't pack pictures , So here's a slightly more complicated implementation “ Referring to the specified picture base64 code —— Create a picture —— Insert background image ” function ！

Finally, with a little modification, the background color of the text is changed to transparent . The framework for writing this code is very fixed , So we learned from the great gods , The basic code framework is as follows ：

# Here we need to insert two sentences into the main event
panel.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self.OnEraseBack)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.OnEraseBack)
# Reference code and create images
from bg_png import img as bg
def pic(picPath,picName):
tmp = open(picPath, 'wb')
tmp.write(base64.b64decode(picName))
tmp.close()
pic('bg.png',bg)
# Insert a picture （ Sub event Indented ）
def OnEraseBack(self,event):
''' Add picture background '''
try :
dc = event.GetDC()
if not dc:
dc = wx.ClientDC(self)
rect = self.GetUpdateRegion().GetBox()
dc.SetClippingRect(rect)
dc.Clear()
bmp = wx.Bitmap(nowpath+r'\bg.png')
dc.DrawBitmap(bmp, -500, -100)
except :
pass
# Change text background color to transparent
# First step ： In the main event wx.StaticText Replacing the TransparentStaticText
# The second step ： repeat StaticText Control
class TransparentStaticText(wx.StaticText):
def __init__(self, parent, id=wx.ID_ANY, label='', pos=wx.DefaultPosition, size=wx.DefaultSize,
style=wx.TRANSPARENT_WINDOW, name='TransparentStaticText'):
wx.StaticText.__init__(self, parent, id, label, pos, size, style, name)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, lambda event: None)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
def OnPaint(self, event):
bdc = wx.PaintDC(self)
dc = wx.GCDC(bdc)
font_face = self.GetFont()
font_color = self.GetForegroundColour()
dc.SetFont(font_face)
dc.SetTextForeground(font_color)
dc.DrawText(self.GetLabel(), 0, 0)
def OnSize(self, event):
self.Refresh()
event.Skip()

The final effect is as shown in the figure ：

Notice if you want to pack , The following three modules need to be introduced into the code ：

import six
import packaging
import packaging.version
import packaging.specifiers
import packaging.requirements

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