Python rookie tutorial learning 1: background learning

•   Simple -- Python It's the language of simplicity . Read a good one Python The program feels like reading English , Although this English is very strict ！Python This pseudo code nature of is one of its greatest advantages . It allows you to focus on solving problems rather than understanding the language itself .

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•   studies of the Book of Changes -- As you're about to see ,Python Extremely easy to use . That was mentioned before ,Python There's a very simple grammar .
•   free 、 Open source -- Python yes FLOSS（ free / Open source software ） One of . In short , You are free to distribute copies of this software 、 Read its source code 、 Make changes to it 、 Use part of it in new free software .FLOSS It is based on the concept of knowledge sharing by a group . Why is that Python One of the reasons for this excellence —— It's a group of people who want to see a better Python People who create and constantly improve .
•   High level language -- When you use Python When programming in language , You don't have to think about the underlying details of how to manage the memory your program uses .
•   Portability -- Because of its open source nature ,Python Has been ported to many platforms （ It has been modified to work on different platforms ）. If you are careful not to use system dependent features , So all you have Python The program can run on any of the following platforms without modification . These platforms include Linux、Windows、FreeBSD、Macintosh、Solaris、OS/2、Amiga、AROS、AS/400、BeOS、OS/390、z/OS、Palm OS、QNX、VMS、Psion、Acom RISC OS、VxWorks、PlayStation、Sharp Zaurus、Windows CE And even PocketPC、Symbian as well as Google be based on Linux Developed Android platform ！
•   Explanatory -- This needs some explanation . A compiled language such as C or C++ Write the program from the source file （ namely C or C++ Language ） Switch to a language your computer uses （ Binary code , namely 0 and 1）. This process passes the compiler and different tags 、 Options complete . When you run your program , Connect / The loader software copies your program from hard disk to memory and runs . and Python A program written in a language does not need to be compiled into binary code . You can run programs directly from source code . Inside the computer ,Python The interpreter converts the source code into an intermediate form called bytecode , It is then translated into the machine language used by the computer and run . in fact , Because you don't have to worry about how to compile a program , How to ensure that the connection reprints the correct library and so on , All this leads to the use of Python It's simpler . Because you just need to put your Python Copy the program to another computer , It's ready to work , It also makes your Python Programs are easier to port .
•   object-oriented -- Python Supports both procedural and object-oriented programming . stay “ Process oriented ” The language of , Programs are built from procedures or functions that are simply reusable code . stay “ object-oriented ” The language of , Programs are built from objects that combine data and functionality . With other major languages such as C++ and Java comparison ,Python Implement object-oriented programming in a very powerful and simple way .
•   Extensibility -- If you need a piece of your critical code to run faster or if you want some algorithms to be closed , You can use some of your programs C or C++ To write , And then in your Python They are used in programs .
•   Rich library -- Python The library of standards is really big . It can help you with all kinds of work , Including regular expressions 、 Document generation 、 unit testing 、 Threads 、 database 、 Web browser 、CGI、FTP、 E-mail 、XML、XML-RPC、HTML、WAV file 、 Password system 、GUI（ Graphical user interface ）、Tk And other system related operations . remember , Once installed Python, All of these features are available . This is called the Python Of “ The function is all ready ” idea . In addition to the standard library , There are many other high-quality libraries , Such as wxPython、Twisted and Python Image library and so on .
•   Standard code -- Python Forced indentation makes the code very readable .

shortcoming

•   Running speed , If there is a speed requirement , use C++ Rewrite the key parts .
•   The domestic market is smaller （ At home with Python To do the main development of , There are only a few web2.0 company ）. But over time , At present, many domestic software companies , Especially game companies , He also began to use it on a large scale .
•   Lack of Chinese materials （ well Python There are only a few Chinese materials , Now it should be more ）. Thanks to the community , Several excellent textbooks have been translated , But there are many entry-level textbooks , Advanced content or only English version .
•   Too many architectural choices （ Didn't like C# Such an official .net The architecture , There is no image. ruby Because of its short history , The relative concentration of architecture development .Ruby on Rails Architecture development small and medium web The program is invincible ）. But it also shows from another side that ,python Better , Many talents are attracted , There are many projects .

Python The main areas of application are :

•   Cloud computing  ： The hottest language of Cloud Computing , Typical applications OpenStack
•   WEB Development  ： Many excellent WEB frame , Many large websites are Python Development 、YouTube、Dropbox、Douban…… Typical Web The framework includes Django
•   Scientific computing and artificial intelligence  ： A typical library NumPy、SciPy、Matplotlib、Enided The library 、 Panda
•   System operation and maintenance  ： Basic language of operation and maintenance personnel
•   Finance  ： Quantitative trading 、 Financial analysis , In the field of financial engineering ,Python Not only is it used most , And the most used , Its importance has increased year by year .
•   graphics GUI ：PyQT,WXPython,TkInter

Python In some companies, there are :

•   Google  ： Google App Engine , Code .Google.com、 Google Reptiles 、Google Advertising and other programs are being widely used Python.
•   CIA ： The CIA website uses Python Developed .
•   NASA ： NASA is widely used Python Data analysis and calculation .
•   YouTube ： The largest video website in the world YouTube Yes, it is Python Developed .
•   Dropbox ： The largest online cloud storage website in the United States , All use Python Realization , Daily treatment 10 Billion files uploaded and downloaded .
•   Instagram ： The largest photo sharing social networking site in the United States , Every day 3000 More than a million photos are shared , All of these are used Python Developed .
•   Facebook ： A large number of base libraries are available through Python Realized
•   Red Hat/Centos ： The most popular in the world Linux In the distribution Yum The package management tool is to use Python Developed
•  Douban： Almost all companies do business through Python Developed .
•   You know ： China's largest Q＆A Community , adopt Python Development （ Abroad Quora）

besides , And Sohu 、 jinshan 、 tencent 、 Grand 、 NetEase 、 Baidu 、 Ali 、 TaoBao 、 potatoes 、 Sina 、 Fruit shells and other companies are using Python To complete all kinds of tasks .